凌紫玉,杨敏芳,王雷,王野,张培新,刘昊青,邵龙义,鲁静
LING Ziyu,YANG Minfang,WANG Lei,WANG Ye,ZHANG Peixin,LIU Haoqing,SHAO Longyi,LU Jing

• 1:中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室
• 2:中国石油勘探开发研究院
• 3:中石油煤层气有限责任公司
• 4:沈阳建筑大学土木工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的和方法】晚古生代冰室期(LPIA;ca. 360～254 Ma)是地质历史时期唯一有记录冰室向温室过渡的时期，可以为冰川-环境-气候的协同演化和未来气候变化提供深时视角。为了深入理解晚石炭世-早二叠世低纬度地区大陆化学风化趋势和高纬度冈瓦纳地区冰川旋回之间的潜在联系，以华北盆地柳江煤田本溪组-太原组的泥岩为研究对象，利用由泥岩的元素地球化学数据计算得到的多种化学风化指标(CIA、CIW和PIA)，重建柳江煤田的大陆化学风化趋势和古气候演变特征。【结果】结果显示，低纬度柳江煤田的大陆化学风化作用的周期性变化，包括巴什基尔阶早-中期、莫斯科阶-卡西莫夫阶、阿瑟尔阶早期的3个风化减弱阶段和巴什基尔阶晚期、格舍尔阶的2个风化增强阶段。这种风化趋势的循环交替与高纬度冈瓦纳大陆的冰川旋回密切相关：风化趋势的减弱阶段代表了气候条件向相对凉爽干燥转变，这几乎与高纬度冰期同步，而风化趋势的增强阶段则代表了气候条件向相对温暖湿润的变化，这与高纬度间冰期同步。对比分析发现，间冰期内火山活动频发、大气CO2浓度升高、气候变暖、水文循环增强、海平面上升，共同促进了热带雨林面积缩减和大陆化学风化作用增强，为铝土矿的发育创造了有利条件；而冰期内火山活动减弱、气候变凉、CO2浓度减少、雨林面积扩张，导致大陆风化作用减弱，有利于煤和富有机质泥岩形成。【结论】研究结果揭示了低纬度华北盆地大陆化学风化趋势与高纬度冈瓦纳冰川旋回和沉积矿产(如煤、铝土矿)分布之间的联系，为理解地质历史时期冰川-环境-气候的复杂相互作用机制提供了新视角。
[Objective and Methods] The Late Paleozoic Ice Age(LPIA; ca. 360-254 Ma), the only period recording the transition from icehouse to greenhouse conditions throughout the geological history, can provide a deep-time perspective for glacier-environment-climate coevolution and future climate change. To gain a deep understanding of the potential relationship between the continental chemical weathering trends in low-latitude regions and the glacial cycles in the high-latitude Gondwana region from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian, this study investigated the mudstones of the Benxi-Taiyuan formations, Liujiang coalfield, North China Basin. Using multiple chemical weathering indices such as chemical index of alteration(CIA), chemical index of weathering(CIW), and plagioclase index of alteration(PIA) calculated from the elemental geochemical data of the mudstones, this study reconstructed the continental chemical weathering trends and paleoclimatic evolutionary characteristics of the Liujiang coalfield. [Results] The results indicate that the periodic changes of continental chemical weathering in the low-latitude Liujiang coalfield involved three weathering weakening stages(i.e., early-middle Bashkirian, Moscovian-Kasimovian, and early Asselian) and two weathering enhancement stages(i.e., late Bashkirian and Gzhelian). This cyclic alternation of weathering trends was closely associated with the glacial cycles of the high-latitude Gondwanaland. The weathering weakening stages represent shifts to relatively cool and dry climates, roughly synchronous with the glacial periods at high latitudes. In contrast, the weathering enhancement stages suggest changes to relatively warm and humid climates, coinciding with the interglacial periods at high latitudes. The comparative analysis reveals that frequent volcanic activity, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, climate warming, enhanced hydrologic cycles, and sea-level rise during the interglacial periods jointly contributed to the reduced area of tropical rainforests and the enhanced continental chemical weathering, creating favorable conditions for the formation of bauxite. In contrast, the weakening volcanic activity, cooling climate, reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration, and increased rainforest area during the glacial periods led to weakened continental weathering, facilitating the formation of coals and organic-rich mudstones. [Conclusions] The results of this study reveal the relationship between the continental chemical weathering trends in the low-latitude North China Basin and the glacial cycles and the distributions of sedimentary minerals(e.g., coals and bauxite) in the high-latitude Gondwana region, providing a novel perspective for understanding the mechanisms underlying complex glacier-environment-climate interactions throughout the geological history.

关键词(KeyWords)： 晚古生代;华北盆地;化学风化;CIA;冰期;间冰期
Late Paleozoic Era;North China Basin;chemical weathering;chemical index of alteration(CIA);glacial period;interglacial period

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFF0800203);; 国家自然科学基金项目(42172196,42472227,42402179);; 河北柳江盆地地质遗迹保护项目(Z1303002403442001)

作者(Author): 凌紫玉,杨敏芳,王雷,王野,张培新,刘昊青,邵龙义,鲁静
LING Ziyu,YANG Minfang,WANG Lei,WANG Ye,ZHANG Peixin,LIU Haoqing,SHAO Longyi,LU Jing

参考文献(References)：

• [1]ISBELL J L,MILLER M F,WOLFE K L,et al.Timing of Late Paleozoic glaciation in Gondwana:Was glaciation responsible for the development of Northern Hemisphere cyclothems?[M]//Extreme depositional environments:Mega end members in geologic time.Boulder,Colorado:Geological Society of America,2003,370:5-24
• [2]FIELDING C R,FRANK T D,BIRGENHEIER L P,et al.Stratigraphic imprint of the late palaeozoic ice age in eastern Australia:A record of alternating glacial and nonglacial climate regime[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2008,165(1):129-140.
• [3]HORTON D E,POULSEN C J,POLLARD D.Orbital and CO2forcing of Late Paleozoic continental ice sheets[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(19):L19708.
• [4]MONTA?EZ I P,MCELWAIN J C,POULSEN C J,et al.Climate,p CO2 and terrestrial carbon cycle linkages during late Palaeozoic glacial-interglacial cycles[J].Nature Geoscience,2016,9:824-828.
• [5]MONTA?EZ I P,TABOR N J,NIEMEIER D,et al.CO2-forced climate and vegetation instability during Late Paleozoic deglaciation[J].Science,2007,315(5808):87-91.
• [6]ROCHA-CAMPOS A C,DOS SANTOS P R,CANUTO J R.Late Paleozoic glacial deposits of Brazil:Paranábasin[M]//Special paper 441:Resolving the Late Paleozoic ice age in time and space.Boulder,Colorado:Geological Society of America,2008:97-114.
• [7]SCHEFFLER K,HOERNES S,SCHWARK L.Global changes during carboniferous Permian glaciation of Gondwana:Linking polar and equatorial climate evolution by geochemical proxies[J].Geology,2003,31(7):605-608.
• [8]SOREGHAN G S,SOREGHAN M J,HEAVENS N G.Explosive volcanism as a key driver of the Late Paleozoic ice age[J].Geology,2019,47(7):600-604.
• [9]MCKENZIE N R,HORTON B K,LOOMIS S E,et al.Continental arc volcanism as the principal driver of icehouse-greenhouse variability[J].Science,2016,352(6284):444-447.
• [10]GODDéRIS Y,DONNADIEU Y,CARRETIER S,et al.Onset and ending of the late Palaeozoic ice age triggered by tectonically paced rock weathering[J].Nature Geoscience,2017,10:382-386.
• [11]KUMP L R,BRANTLEY S L,ARTHUR M A.Chemical weathering,atmospheric CO2,and climate[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28:611-667.
• [12]MAHER K,CHAMBERLAIN C P.Hydrologic regulation of chemical weathering and the geologic carbon cycle[J].Science,2014,343(6178):1502-1504.
• [13]朱先芳，李祥玉，栾玲.化学风化研究的进展[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2010,31(3):40-46.ZHU Xianfang,LI Xiangyu,LUAN Ling.Progress in research on chemical weathering[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2010,31(3):40-46.
• [14]BLAKEY R.Mollewide plate tectonic maps,Colorado plateau geosystems[OL].World Wide Web address,2011.
• [15]DONG Yunpeng,SANTOSH M.Tectonic architecture and multiple orogeny of the Qinling Orogenic Belt,Central China[J].Gondwana Research,2016,29(1):1-40.
• [16]尚冠雄.华北地台晚古生代煤地质学研究[M].山西：山西科学技术出版社，1997.
• [17]ZHANG Shuanhong,ZHAO Yue,DAVIS G A,et al.Temporal and spatial variations of Mesozoic magmatism and deformation in the North China Craton:Implications for lithospheric thinning and decratonization[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,131:49-87.
• [18]LU Jing,WANG Ye,YANG Minfang,et al.Records of volcanism and organic carbon isotopic composition(δ13Corg) linked to changes in atmospheric p CO2 and climate during the Pennsylvanian icehouse interval[J].Chemical Geology,2021,570:120168.
• [19]WANG Jun.Late Paleozoic macrofloral assemblages from Weibei Coalfield,with reference to vegetational change through the Late Paleozoic Ice-age in the North China Block[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,83(2/3):292-317.
• [20]FIELDING C R,FRANK T D,BIRGENHEIER L P.A revised,late Palaeozoic glacial time-space framework for eastern Australia,and comparisons with other regions and events[J].Earth Science Reviews,2023,236:104263.
• [21]VISSER J,NIEKERK B V,MERWE S W V D.Sediment transport of the late Palaeozoic glacial Dwyka Group in the southwestern Karoo Basin[J].South African Journal of Geology,1997,100:223-236.
• [22]路洪海，张重阳.秦皇岛地区典型地表喀斯特地貌成因分析[J].聊城大学学报(自然科学版)，2007,20(1):61-63.LU Honghai,ZHANG Chongyang.The formation of typical bare Karst in Qinghuangdao[J].Journal of Liaocheng University (Natural Science Edition),2007,20(1):61-63.
• [23]BERNER R A.Paleozoic atmospheric CO2:Importance of solar radiation and plant evolution[J].Science,1993,261(5117):68-70.
• [24]邵龙义，董大啸，李明培，等.华北石炭-二叠纪层序-古地理及聚煤规律[J].煤炭学报，2014,39(8):1725-1734.SHAO Longyi,DONG Daxiao,LI Mingpei,et al.Sequence-paleogeography and coal accumulation of the Carboniferous Permian in the North China Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1725-1734.
• [25]NESBITT H W,YOUNG G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299:715-717.
• [26]FEDO C M,NESBITT H W,YOUNG G M.Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J].Geology,1995,23(10):921.
• [27]NESBITT H W,YOUNG G M,MCLENNAN S M,et al.Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments,with implications for provenance studies[J].Journal of Geology,1996,104(5):525-542.
• [28]HARNOIS L.The CIW index:A new chemical index of weathering[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3/4):319-322.
• [29]MCLENNAN S M.Weathering and global denudation[J].The Journal of Geology,1993,101(2):295-303.
• [30]徐小涛，邵龙义.利用泥质岩化学蚀变指数分析物源区风化程度时的限制因素[J].古地理学报，2018,20(3):515-522.XU Xiaotao,SHAO Longyi.Limiting factors in utilization of chemical index of alteration of mudstones to quantify the degree of weathering in provenance[J].Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),2018,20(3):515-522.
• [31]PANAHI A,YOUNG G M,RAINBIRD R H.Behavior of major and trace elements (including REE) during Paleoproterozoic pedogenesis and diagenetic alteration of an Archean granite near Ville Marie,Québec,Canada[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64(13):2199-2220.
• [32]李雅楠.华北板块石炭-二叠纪冰室期-温室期古环境记录[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京)，2021.LI Yanan.Icehouse to greenhouse paleoenvironmental records of Carboniferous-Permian strata in North China[D].Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology,Beijing,2021.
• [33]YANG Jianghai,CAWOOD P A,DU Yuansheng,et al.Early Wuchiapingian cooling linked to Emelshan basaltio weathering?[J].Earth Planetary Science Letters,2018,492(2):102-111.
• [34]BHATIA M R,TAYLOR S R.Trace-element geochemistry and sedimentary provinces:A study from the Tasman geosyncline,Australia[J].Chemical Geology,1981,33(1/2/3/4):115-125.
• [35]RIEBE C S,KIRCHNER J W,GRANGER D E,et al.Strong tectonic and weak climatic control of long-term chemical weathering rates[J].Geology,2001,29(6):511-514.
• [36]YANG Jianghai,CAWOOD P A,MONTA?EZ I P,et al.Enhanced continental weathering and large igneous province induced climate warming at the Permo-Carboniferous transition[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2020,534:116074.
• [37]GRIFFIS N P,MONTA-NEZ I P,MUNDIL R,et al.Coupled stratigraphic and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the Late Paleozoic icehouse-to-greenhouse turnover in south-central Gondwana[J].Geology,2019,47(12):1146-1150.
• [38]张英利，陈雷，王坤明，等.豫西巩义地区上石炭统本溪组泥岩地球化学和富锂特征及其控制因素[J].地球科学与环境学报，2023,45(2):208-226.ZHANG Yingli,CHEN Lei,WANG Kunming,et al.Geochemistry and Li-rich characteristics of mudstones from Upper Carboniferous Benxi formation in Gongyi area,the western Henan,China and their controlling factors[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2023,45(2):208-226.
• [39]付亚飞，邵龙义，张亮，等.焦作煤田石炭-二叠纪泥质岩地球化学特征及古环境意义[J].沉积学报，2018,36(2):415-426.FU Yafei,SHAO Longyi,ZHANG Liang,et al.Geochemical characteristics of mudstones in the Permo-Carboniferous strata of the Jiaozuo Coalfield and their paleoenvironmental significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2018,36(2):415-426.
• [40]MONTA?EZ I P,POULSEN C J.The Late Paleozoic ice age:An evolving paradigm[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2013,41:629-656.
• [41]FOSTER G L,ROYER D L,LUNT D J.Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years[J].Nature Communications,2017,8:14845.
• [42]RICHEY J D,MONTA?EZ I P,GODDéRIS Y,et al.Influence of temporally varying weatherability on CO2-climate coupling and ecosystem change in the Late Paleozoic[J].Climate of the Past,2020,16(5):1759-1775.
• [43]LU Jing,ZHOU Kai,YANG Minfang,et al.Records of organic carbon isotopic composition (δ13Corg) and volcanism linked to changes in atmospheric p CO2 and climate during the Late Paleozoic Icehouse[J].Global and Planetary Change,2021,207:103654.
• [44]ZHANG Peixin,YANG Minfang,LU Jing,et al.Low-latitude climate change linked to high-latitude glaciation during the Late Paleozoic ice age:Evidence from terrigenous detrital kaolinite[J].Frontiers in Earth Science,2022,10:956861.
• [45]WANG Ye,LU Jing,YANG Minfang,et al.Volcanism and wildfire associated with deep-time deglaciation during the Artinskian(early Permian)[J].Global and Planetary Change,2023,225:104126.
• [46]CLEAL C J,THOMAS B A.Palaeozoic tropical rainforests and their effect on global climates:Is the past the key to thepresent?[J].Geobiology,2005,3(1):13-31.
• [47]ZHANG Peixin,YANG Minfang,LU Jing,et al.Four volcanically driven climatic perturbations led to enhanced continental weathering during the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2024,626:118517.

文章评论(Comment)：