谭新平,徐张建,王小秋,卫一华,董鹏伟
TAN Xinping,XU Zhangjian,WANG Xiaoqiu,WEI Yihua,DONG Pengwei

• 1:西北综合勘察设计研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

陕西铜川市为厚黄土分布区,黄土被沟谷切割形成破碎残塬与沟壑,黄土滑坡与崩塌地质灾害极其发育;同时地处渭北煤田带,煤矿采空形成了大量地面开裂与塌陷地质灾害。二者的共同作用加剧了城市地质灾害的发生。通过铜川市幅1∶5万环境地质调查,基于信息量模型建立了影响厚黄土与煤炭采空分布区黄土滑坡、崩塌及采空区变形的评价指标体系。将复杂地区的地质灾害易发性评价指标总体分为地面指标、地下指标和环境因素指标,指标权重分别取0.3、0.3、0.4,经过GIS分析计算,尝试解决了地质灾害易发性评价中致灾因素复杂和不相容的问题。认为在厚黄土煤炭采空区,由于湿陷性黄土的存在,地表变形对开采深厚比参数指标敏感,规范变形特征取值明显偏小。
Distribution area of thick loess in Tongchuan City is cut by valleys,broken gully and gully loess,loess landslide and rock fall hazard develop extremely; also located in Weibei coalfield,coal mine goaf has caused many geological hazards such as ground fracture and collapse.The interaction of the two aggravates the occurrence of urban geo-hazard.Through 1:50 000 environment geological survey in Tongchuan City,based on information model,the evaluation index system of loess landslide,collapse and goaf deformation was established.The index of evaluation of geo-hazard susceptibility in complex area is divided into ground index,underground index and environmental factor index,the weight of index is 0.3,0.3 and 0.4 respectively,after GIS analysis and calculation,we try to solve the complex and incompatible factors of disaster-causing factors in the evaluation of geological hazards.And it is considered that in the thick loess of coal-mined-out area,because of the existence of collapsible loess,the surface deformation is sensitive to the mining depth-thickness ratio,and the norm deformation characteristic value is clearly small.

关键词(KeyWords)： 地质灾害;易发性评价;厚黄土;煤炭采空区;信息量模型
geological hazard;susceptibility assessment;thick loess;coal mine goaf;information model

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2014KTDZ03-01-01);; 关中盆地城市群城市地质调查项目(12120114056901)~~

作者(Author): 谭新平,徐张建,王小秋,卫一华,董鹏伟
TAN Xinping,XU Zhangjian,WANG Xiaoqiu,WEI Yihua,DONG Pengwei

参考文献(References)：

• [1]范立民,李勇,宁奎斌,等.黄土沟壑区小型滑坡致大灾及其机理[J].灾害学,2015,30(3):67–70.FAN Limin,LI Yong,NING Kuibin,et al.Small landslide and disaster-causing mechanism in gully loess area[J].Journal Catastrophology,2015,30(3):67–70.
• [2]贺卫中,向茂西,刘海南,等.榆神府矿区地面塌陷特征及环境问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(5):131–135.HE Weizhong,XIANG Maoxi,LIU Hainan,et al.Ground subsidence and its environment problems in Yushenfu mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(5):131–135.
• [3]徐媛.基于GIS的互助县地质灾害易发性评价研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.
• [4]张黎,倪万魁.宁夏彭阳县地质灾害[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2010.
• [5]刘海燕.黄陵县地质灾害危险性评价[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
• [6]孟文强.基于GIS和层次分析法的地质灾害危险性评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.
• [7]郑长远.层次分析法在地质灾害调查评价中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.
• [8]宋高举,黄继超,吴东民.基于斜坡单元划分法的汝阳县地质灾害易发性区划[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2015,26(1):103–107.SONG Gaoju,HUANG Jichao,WU Dongmin.Applying slope unit division method in Zoning Ruyang County in terms of geo-hazard proneness[J].Journal of Geological Hazards Environment Preservation,2015,26(1):103–107.
• [9]魏刚,殷志强,史立群,等.青海化隆县地质灾害易发性区划[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2013,24(1):86–92.WEI Gang,YIN Zhiqiang,SHI Liqun,et al.Zoning of geologicoal disasters of Hualong County in Qinghai Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2013,24(1):86–92.
• [10]梁明,王成绪.厚黄土覆盖山区开采沉陷预计[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(2):44–47.LIANG Ming,WANG Chengxu.Prediction of mining subsidence in mountain area overlaid with thick loess bed[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2001,29(2):44–47.
• [11]马路兴,吴朝阳,高艳卫.老采空区地表剩余变形对城市轨道交通的影响评价[J].煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(1):40–49.MA Luxing,WU Chaoyang,GAO Yanwei.Evaluation of the influence of residual deformation above mined-out area on the stability of urban rail transit[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2013,41(1):40–49.
• [12]杨梅忠,梁明,巨天乙,等.黄陵矿区地质灾害的现状与评价预测[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(1):20–23.YANG Meizhong,LIANG Ming,JU Tianyi.et al.Situation analysis and prodiction of geological disasters in Huangling mining district,Shaanxi[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2000,28(1):20–23.
• [13]杜坤,李夕兵,刘科伟,等.采空区危险性评价的综合方法及工程应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(9):2802–2811.DU Kun,LI Xibing,LIU Kewei,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of underground goaf risk and engineering application[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(9):2802–2811.
• [14]冯岩,王新民,程爱宝,等.采空区危险性评价方法优化[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(7):2881–2888.FENG Yan,WANG Xinmin,CHENG Aibao,et al.Method optimization of underground goaf risk evaluation[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(7):2881–2888.
• [15]崔丽鹏,龙建辉,石文慧.煤矿区黄土边坡特征分析及防治对策[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(3):87–91.CUI Lipeng,LONG Jianhui,SHI Wenhui.The feature analysis and control measures of loess in coal mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(3):87–91.
• [16]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,西北综合勘察设计研究院.陕西1:5万铜川市幅(I49E006005)环境地质调查报告[R].2016.
• [17]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:78–116.
• [18]中华人民共和国国土资源部.地质灾害危险性评估规范:DZ/T0286—2015[S].北京:地质出版社,2015:28.

文章评论(Comment)：