侯泽明,杨德义
HOU Zeming, YANG Deyi

• 1:太原理工大学 矿业工程学院，山西 太原 030024

摘要(Abstract)：

在对国内外高密度三维地震勘探技术研究及应用现状进行系统阐述的基础上，对高密度三维地震勘探的3个关键参数及概念进行了讨论，认为高密度三维地震勘探技术是先进地震勘探技术的集成，具有组合性和相对性，应灵活应用，因地制宜地开展。在分析了山西煤矿采区的地震地质条件及技术特点的基础上，提出了在山西煤矿采区开展高密度三维地震勘探应遵循“小面元、高覆盖、宽方位（3，必要条件）和相应的关键采集及处理技术（X，必选项） ”的“ 3+X”技术路线；在数据采集中，应以提高信噪比为核心；在数据处理中，应以高精度静校正和叠前去噪为核心。将该技术运用到山西某矿工程实例中，取得很好的效果，证明该技术路线的有效性。研究成果可为同行提供技术参考，并促进高密度三维地震勘探技术在山西煤矿采区推广。
Based on the systematic description of high density 3D seismic exploration technology researches and application status at home and abroad, three key parameters and concepts of high density 3D seismic exploration technology are discussed, the high density 3D seismic exploration technique is a integration of advanced seismic exploration technology, with combination and relativity, should be applied flexibly and carried out according to local conditions. Based on the analysis of the seismic geological conditions and technical characteristics of Shanxi coal mining areas, it is proposed that the "3+X" technical route should be followed, that is "small surface element, high coverage, wide azimuth (3 necessary conditions), corresponding key acquisition and processing technology(X, necessary option)" in the high density 3D seismic exploration in Shanxi coal mining area; improving signal-to-noise ratio is the kernel in the process of data acquisition and processing, high precision static correction and pre-stack noise should be the core in data processing. The validity of this technique is proved by the practical application examples. This idea can be used as a reference for colleagues who are engaged in high density 3D seismic exploration, and it has certain significance for improving the resolution and accuracy of seismic interpretation results.

关键词(KeyWords)： 高密度三维地震;采集参数;信噪比;山西煤矿采区
high density 3D seismic exploration;acquisition parameters;signal-to-noise ratio;Shanxi coal mining districts

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 侯泽明,杨德义
HOU Zeming, YANG Deyi

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2020.06.003

参考文献(References)：

• [1] ONGKIEHONG L. A changing philosophy in seismic data acquisition[J]. First Break,1988,6(9):281-284.
  [2] PECHOLCS P I,HASTINGS-JAMES R,BAR-SOUKOV N,et al. Universal land acquisition 14 years later[C]//SEG Interlation Exposition and 72nd Annual Meeting,2002.
  [3] LONG A S,RAMSDEN C R T,HOFFMANN J. In pursuit of the ideal 3D streamer symmetric sampling criteria[J]. ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003,2003(2):1-4.
  [4] 薛晓玉. 情字井地区高密度三维地震采集技术研究[D]. 大庆:东北石油大学,2017. XUE Xiaoyu. Research on high density 3D seismic acquisition technology of Qingzijing area[D]. Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2017.
  [5] 刘振武,撒利明,董世泰,等. 中国石油高密度地震技术的实践与未来[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):129-135. LIU Zhenwu,SA Liming,DONG Shitai,et al. Practices and expectation of high density seismic exploration technology in CNPC[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(2):129-135.
  [6] SOMALI F,EL-TAHA Y C. Geophysicists meet in Muscat to discuss advancements in land geophysical acquisition technologies[J]. The Leading Edge,2020,39(6):434-435.
  [7] BATTIG E,SCHIJNS H,GRANT M,et al. High-productivity,high-resolution 3D seismic surveys for open-cut coal operations[J]. ASEG Extended Abstracts,2019(1):1-4.
  [8] TSINGAS C,ALMUBARAK M S,JEONG W,et al. 3D distributed and dispersed source array acquisition and data processing[J]. The Leading Edge,2020,39(6):392-400.
  [9] SANTOS A B,PORSANI M J,MANUELE S. 3D Seismic survey design using mixed-radix based algorithm inversion[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2019,67(7):1720-1731.
  [10] Al-NAQBI S,ELILA A,VARGAS J,et al. How broadband,high dense,full azimuth & point source point receiver acquisition improves seismic interpretation in Onshore Abu Dhabi[C]//Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference,2018.
  [11] GLUSHCHENKO A,ROIG C,SMITH C,et al. A broadband full azimuth land seismic case study Onshore Abu Dhabi[C]//Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference,2019.
  [12] ABDUL L A H,BOON H P G,JAMALUDIN S N F. Improving Vintage seismic data quality through implementation of advance processing techniques[J]. Iop Conference,2017,88:012006.
  [13] KAUR H,FOMEL S,PHAM N. Seismic ground-roll noise attenuation using deep learning[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2020,68(7):2064-2077.
  [14] GÓMEZ J L,VELIS D R. Edge-preserving frequency-offset denoising of seismic data[J]. Geophysics,2018,83:1-40.
  [15] 李晨. 剩余静校正方法技术的研究与应用[D]. 西安:长安大学,2019. LI Chen. Research and application of residual static correction technology[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University,2019.
  [16] MYRTO P,FEDERICO DC,BINBIN M,et al. Surface-wave analysis for static corrections in mineral exploration:A case study from central Sweden[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2020,68(1):214-231.
  [17] MATEUSZ Z,TOMASZ D,JERZY Z. On including near-surface zone anisotropy for static correction computation:Polish carpathians 3d seismic processing case study[J]. Geosciences,2020,10(2):66-78.
  [18] WANG Xiwen. Relative fidelity processing of seismic data[J]. Methods and Applications,2017,10:183-332.
  [19] PEARS G,REID J,MCGAUGHEY J,et al. 3D interpretation of geological 3D seismic and conventional geophysical data from the Darlot Gold Mine[J]. ASEG Extended Abstracts,2019(1):1-5.
  [20] MANZI M S D,GORDON R J,MALEHMIR A,et al. Durrheim. Improved structural interpretation of legacy 3D seismic data from Karee platinum mine(South Africa) through the application of novel seismic attributes[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2020,68(1):145-163.
  [21] SOUZA J F L,SANTANA G L,BATISTA L V,et al. CNN prediction enhancement by post-processing for hydrocarbon detection in seismic images[J]. IEEE Access,2020,8:120447-120455.
  [22] 张应波. 石油地震勘探前景浅谈[J]. 石油物探,1982(3):60-66. ZHANG Yingbo. Some superficial views on the prospect of seismic survey for oil[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1982(3):60-66.
  [23] 曲寿利. 高密度三维地震技术:老油区二次勘探的关键技术之一[J]. 石油物探,2006,45(6):557-562. QU Shouli. High density 3D seismic technology:One of the key technologies for secondary exploration in old oil region[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(6):557-562.
  [24] 屠世杰. 高精度三维地震勘探中的炮密度、道密度选择:YA高精度三维勘探实例[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):926-936. TU Shijie. Selection of shot density and trace density in high precision 3D seismic exploration:A high precision 3D exploration case in YA area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(6):926-936.
  [25] 王海,赵会欣,晋志刚. 观测系统对高密度地震采集资料的影响[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):131-135. WANG Hai,ZHAO Huixin,JIN Zhigang. Influence of geometry on high-density seismic data acquisition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(2):131-135.
  [26] 王正军,苏卫民. 有限覆盖密度下采集面元的选择原则[J]. 中国石油勘探,2015,20(6):44-51. WANG Zhengjun,SU Weimin. Principle for selection of acquisition bin under limited coverage density[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(6):44-51.
  [27] 宁宏晓,唐东磊,皮红梅,等. 国内陆上"两宽一高"地震勘探技术及发展[J]. 石油物探,2019,58(5):645-653. NING Hongxiao,TANG Donglei,PI Hongmei,et al. The technology and development of "WBH" seismic exploration in land,China[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2019,58(5):645-653.
  [28] 胡高伟,邓勇,潘光超,等. 双方位、高密度地震资料在文昌凹陷勘探中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,2019,34(6):2444-2450. HU Gaowei,DENG Yong,PAN Guangchao,et al. Application of two-azimuth and high-density 3D seismic data in the exploration of Wenchang depression[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2019,34(6):2444-2450.
  [29] 崔庆辉,尚新民,滕厚华,等. 高密度三维地震观测系统设计技术与应用[J]. 石油物探,2020,59(1):12-22. CUI QingHui,SHANG Xinmin,TENG Houhua,et al. Design of a high density three-dimensional seismic geometry and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2020,59(1):12-22.
  [30] 马涛,王彦春,李扬胜,等. OVT属性分析方法在采集设计中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(1):1-8. MA Tao,WANG Yanchun,LI Yangsheng,et al. Application of OVT attribute analysis method in acquisition design[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(1):1-8.
  [31] 周松,吕尧,吕公河,等. 基于压缩感知的非规则地震勘探观测系统设计与数据重建[J]. 石油物探,2017,56(5):617-625. ZHOU Song,LYU Yao,LYU Gonghe,et al. Irregular seismic geometry design and data reconstruction based on compressive sensing[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(5):617-625.
  [32] 赵贤正,张玮,邓志文,等. 复杂地质目标的2.5次三维地震勘探方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(6):1039-1047. ZHAO Xianzheng,ZHANG Wei,DENG Zhiwen,et al. 2.5 Times^,seismic survey for complicated geological targets[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(6):1039-1047.
  [33] 白旭明,叶秋焱,袁胜辉,等. 实现高密度宽方位三维地震采集的垂直观测法[J]. 物探与化探,2014,38(4):769-773. BAI Xuming,YE Qiuyan,YUAN Shenghui,et al. Vertical observation method for implementation of width azimuth and high density 3D collection[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(4):769-773.
  [34] 王永生,王传武,王海峰,等. 英雄岭双复杂山地三维地震勘探技术及应用效果[C]//2019油气地球物理学术年会论文集,2019. WANG Yongsheng,WANG Chuanwu,WANG Haifeng,et al. Application effects of 3D seismic exploration technology in Yingxiong Mountain[C]//Proceedings of the annual Conference of petroleum Geophysics,2019.
  [35] 赵伟,吕霖. 淮南矿区精细三维地震勘探方法与效果评价[C]//煤炭学会矿井地质专业委员会2008年学术论坛文集. 徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:31-37. ZHAO Wei,LYU Lin. 3D seismic exploration methods and effect evaluation in Huainan mining area[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 Academic Forum of the Committee member of Mine Geology of China Coal Society. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:31-37.
  [36] 李虹,蔡希玲,陈义景,等. 高密度地震数据处理技术研究及应用[C]//中国石油学会物探技术研讨会,2008. LI Hong,CAI Xiling,CHEN Yijing,et al. Research and application of high density seismic data processing technology[C]//China Petroleum Institute of Geophysical Exploration Technology Seminar,2008.
  [37] 杨德义,赵镨,王慧. 煤矿三维地震勘探技术发展趋势[J]. 中国煤炭地质,2011,23(6):42-47. YANG Deyi,ZHAO Pu,WANG Hui. Coal mine 3D seismic prospecting technology development trend[J]. Coal Geology of China,2011,23(6):42-47.
  [38] 汶小岗,袁峰. 高密度地震勘探在黄土塬采空区探测中的应用[C]//陕西省煤炭学会学术年会(2019)暨第三届"绿色勘查科技论坛"论文集,北京:应急管理出版社,2019. WEN Xiaogang,YUAN Feng. Application of high-density seismic exploration in the exploration of loess tableland[C]//Annual Academic Conference of Shaanxi Coal Society(2019) and the 3rd "Green Exploration Technology Forum",Beijing:Emergency Management Press,2019.
  [39] 赵英丽,李海林,郭文军,等. 富低频地震资料五维宽频处理技术[C]//2019年油气地球物理学术年会论文集,2019. ZHAO Yingli,LI Hailin,GUO Wenjun,et al. Five dimensional broadband processing of rich and low frequency seismic data[C]//Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference on Petroleum Geophysics,2019.
  [40] 唐东磊,张慕刚,汪长辉,等. 高密度地震采集技术[C]//中国油气论坛2012:地球物理勘探技术专题研讨会,2012. TANG Donglei,ZHANG Mugang,WANG Zhanghui,et al. igh density seismic acquisition technology[C]//China Oil & Gas Forum 2012:Gophysical Exploration Technology Eminar,2012.
  [41] 碗学俭,吴树奎,杨素玉,等. 马厂油田高密度三维观测系统设计研究[J]. 石油物探,2008,47(6):598-603. WAN Xuejian,WU Shukui,YANG Suyu,et al. Design and research of high density 3D observation system in Marchang Oilfield[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(6):598-603.
  [42] 谢占安,邢文军,赵会欣. 高密度三维地震采集技术在高尚堡油田的应用[J]. 石油钻采工艺,2009,31(增刊1):33-38. XIE Zhan'an,XING Wenjun,ZHAO Huixin. Application of high density three-dimensional seismic acquisition in Gaoshangpu Oilfieid and effect analysis[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2009,31(Sup.1):33-38.
  [43] 蔡希源,韩文功,于静,等. 罗家地区高密度三维地震勘探实例[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):182-186. CAI Xiyuan,HAN Wengong,YU Jing,et al. A high density 3D seismic case in Luojia area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):182-186.
  [44] 刘振宽,张丽艳,王建民,等. 大庆油田高密度三维地震勘探试验效果及应用潜力[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):186-189. LIU Zhenkuan,ZHANG Liyan,WANG Jianmin,et al. Test results and application potential for high-ensity 3D seismic exploration in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):186-189.
  [45] 张丽艳,王建民,裴江云,等. 高密度三维地震技术的优势及应用潜力[C]//2014年中国地球科学联合学术年会:专题17:油气田与煤田地球物理勘探论文集,2014:13-16. ZHANG Liyan,WANG Jianmin,PEI Jiangyun,et al. Advantages and application potential of high density 3D seismic technology[C]//2014 China Earth Science Joint Academic Annual Meeting:Special Topic 17:Oil and Gas Field and Coal Field Geophysical Exploration Papers,2014:13-16.
  [46] 尚新民,芮拥军,石林光,等. 胜利油田高密度地震探索与实践[J]. 地球物理学进展,2018,33(4):1545-1553. SHANG Xinmin,RUI Yongjun,SHI Linguang,et al. Exploration and practice of high-density seismic survey in Shengli Oilfield[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2018,33(4):1545-1553.
  [47] 李明生,李雅楠,董文波. 辽河青龙台地区高密度全数字三维地震采集技术及效果[J]. 中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):106-112. LI Mingsheng,LI Yanan,DONG Wenbo. High-density digital 3D seismic acquisition technology and its application results in Qinglongtai area,Liaohe Oilfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):106-112.
  [48] 张丽艳,李昂,于常青. 低频可控震源"两宽一高"地震勘探的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1236-1245. ZHANG Liyan,LI Ang,YU Changqing. Application of "two width and one height" seismic exploration for low-frequency vibroseis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1236-1245.
  [49] 宋宗平,王成,韩双,等. "两宽一高"地震采集技术在安达深层勘探中应用及效果[C]//CPS/SEG北京2018国际地球物理会议暨展览电子论文集. 北京:《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》电子杂志社,2018:64-67. SONG Zongping,WANG Cheng,HAN Shuang,et al. Application and effect of "two width-one height" seismic acquisition technology in Anda deep exploration[C]//CPS/SEG Beijing 2018 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition Electronic papers.Beijing:Chinese Academic Journals (CD-ROM) electronic magazine,2018:64-67.
  [50] 程建远,聂爱兰,张鹏. 煤炭物探技术的主要进展及发展趋势[J]. 煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(6):136-141. CHENG Jianyuan,NIE Ailan,ZHANG Peng. Outstanding progress and development trend of coal geophysics[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2016,44(6):136-141.
  [51] 刘俊杰,王彦春. 煤田数字高密度地震勘探的应用效果探析[J]. 中国煤炭,2013,39(1):37-39. LIU Junjie,WANG Yanchun. On application effectiveness of digital high-density seismic prospecting in coalfield[J]. China Coal,2013,39(1):37-39.
  [52] 程裕斌,陈加林. 高密度三维地震技术在潞安矿区高河煤矿的应用效果[J]. 中国煤炭地质,2010,22(8):50-53. CHENG Yubin,CHEN Jialin. Application of high density 3D seismic technology prospecting in Gaohe Coalmine,Lu'an Mining Area and its effect[J]. Coal Geology Of China,2010,22(8):50-53.
  [53] 曹振国. 高密度三维地震技术在沁水煤田刘庄煤矿的应用[J].山东煤炭科技,2011(3):1-3. CAO Zhenguo. Application of high density 3D seismic technology in Liuzhuang Coal Mine,Qinshui Coalfield[J]. Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2011(3):1-3.
  [54] 吕明岩,查文锋. 全数字高密度地震勘探在长子地区的应用[J]. 新疆石油地质,2013,34(6):702-705. LYU Mingyan,ZHA Wenfeng. Application of all-digital high⁃density seismic exploration in Changzhi Area,Shanxi province[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(6):702-705.
  [55] 张建军,徐礼贵,黄元溢,等. 一次高密度全方位煤矿三维地震采集探索[C]//中国石油学会2015年物探技术研讨会论文集,2015. ZHANG Jianjun,XU Ligui,HUANG Yuanyi,et al. One-time high-density full-azimuth coal mine 3D seismic acquisition research[C]//Papers of 2015 China Petroleum Society Symposium on Geophysical Prospecting Technology,2015.
  [56] 王升阳,邢颖,段力士. 高密度三维地震法在平朔东露天矿采空区勘探中的应用[J]. 露天采矿技术,2015(7):37-39. WANG Shengyang,XING Ying,DUAN Lishi. Application of high density three-dimensional seismic method in Pingshuo East Open-pit Mine goaf exploration[J]. Opencast Mining Technology,2015(7):37-39.
  [57] 王琦. 全数字高密度三维地震勘探技术在淮北矿区的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(增刊1):41-45. WANG Qi. Application of all digital high density 3D seismic exploration technology in Huaibei mining area[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2018,46(Sup.1):41-45.
  [58] 徐晓培. 高密度三维地震在超浅层煤田勘探中的应用[J]. 中国煤炭地质,2018,30(12):96-101. XU Xiaopei. Application of high density seismic prospecting in ultra-shallow coalfield exploration[J]. Coal Geology Of China,2018,30(12):96-101.
  [59] 慕松利,张二蒙,赵霖,等. 赵固二矿工作面断层突水防治技术[J]. 煤矿安全,2019,50(12):64-68. MU Songli,ZHANG Ermeng,ZHAO Lin,et al. Comprehensive prevention and control techniques for water inrush from faults in Zhaogu No.2 coal mine[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2019,50(12):64-68.
  [60] 牛跟彦. 全数字高密度三维地震勘探技术在煤矿采区的研究与应用[J]. 煤炭技术,2019,38(10):58-60. NIU Genyan. Application and research of all digital high density 3D seismic exploration technology in coalmine winning district[J]. Coal Technology,2019,38(10):58-60.
  [61] 徐辉,韩文功,单联瑜,等. 基于实际地震资料的覆盖次数和信噪比关系分析[J]. 石油物探,2011,50(2):181-186. XU Hui,HAN Wengong,SHAN Lianyu,et al. Analysis of the relationship between fold and SNR based on actual seismic data[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):181-186.
  [62] 庄重. 川中公山庙地区高密度三维地震勘探资料采集方案与应用[D]. 成都:西南石油大学,2016. ZHUANG Zhong. Scheme and application of high density 3D seismic data acquisition in Gongshanmiao area of Chuanzhong[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016.

文章评论(Comment)：